The Organizational Culture and the Factors of Its Formation

Organizational culture is defined as an assembly of traditions, values, procedures, conceptions and attitudes which creates the context of activities in the organization (McLean and Marshall). The elements of organizational culture, in opinion of many authors, are structured on many levels, depending on more criteria such as: from point of view of behavior, these elements are structured in three levels:trust and beliefs imprinted in consciousness of staff ; values and attitude for which employed made an option;individual and group behavior inside the organization. concerning the content, the elements of organizational culture can be structured in three levels (D. Roberts): surface level – behaviors, slogans;second level – values and standards regarding of good and wicked in organization, development of organization and employed; deep level – believes, convictions of staff. considering the action area and his characteristics, inside of organizational culture we distinguished: institutional subculture – at the level of the component parts of organization; professional subculture – concerning the professions inside the organization. The main factors who determine the organizational culture are presented in this paper and they are: founders and owners; managers; group of work; characteristics of organization; the environment (juridical, economic, cultural, technologic). Key-words: organizational culture, levels of the organizational culture, the factors of the organizational culture 1. Definition of the organizational culture Each organization represents a multitude of personalities who, in time, as consequence of the relationships that appear, confers to the organization a distinct character, unique. That is why, we cannot talk about the existence of two enterprises with absolutely identical features; each enterprise has specific problems and certain solutions of solving them. The organizational culture constitutes a field of management, with a history relatively recent, which started to gain a general acceptance barely in the second decade of the 20 th century. Defining the organizational culture McLean and Marshall showed that this represents “an ensemble of traditions, values, procedures, conceptions and attitudes that create the context of the activity within the organization”. In the opinion of the famous Dutch professor Geert Hofstede, the organizational culture is: • holistic, in the sense that it represents more than the sum of the component parts; • historically determined, because it reflects the evolution in time of the organization; • connected to the elements of anthropological nature;